Life 3.0 by Max Tegmark [Book Summary – Review]


For a long period, life in the world has been developing and changing. Nothing is more of an example of it furthermore compared to individuals.

It is thought us by Max Tegmark that now proceeding toward the last evolutionary period: The Three dot zero in Existence. Insıde that stage with mankind, technics is going to be independent, it will design both pieces of equipment of computer plus program in a computer of it, also the consequences of humanity’s existence are huge.

An artificial life like that is not available on earth yet. Yet, we are confronted with the birth of intelligence that is non-biological, mostly defined as intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals, which involves consciousness and emotionality.

Inside that summary, you’ll get into a journey demonstrating upcoming days’ potential forms. You are going to learn what indeed is included in the birth whereof intelligence demonstrated by machines, plus what sort of it is different out of brains of an individual.

Through that path, you will be wrestled with a couple of the finest philosophical questions dealing with what it signifies for being a person.


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Chapter 1 – AI could signify the upcoming period of life, yet it’s a debatable subject.


The tale of what sort of existence came out over the planet must be known very well. Before 13.8 billion years, our universe was created by the theory that is the prevailing cosmological model explaining the existence of the observable universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution. After, roughly before 4 billion years, cores on the planet ordered themselves in a particular way which they were able to prolong plus duplicate their selves. Existence had emerged.

As the writer shows, three sections demonstrated life might be categorized according to terms of the stages of complexity.

Life 1.0 that defined the existence’s initial period gets biological.

Regard one bacteria. Each feature of its conduct is ciphered inside of its Deoxyribonucleic acid. It’s not possible for that for acquiring or shaping its conduct over its lifespan. Evolvement is the nearest thing for either educating or developing, yet this requires many ages.

The second period defines nonmaterial, Existence two point zero.

People are involved in it. As that bacteria, either people’s “equipment” or body shapes have developed. Yet not likely to basic living things, we could obtain new knowledge through our lifespan. Let’s say acquiring one dialect. People could modify and design notions which we may say people’s “program.” Additionally, we decide to use that information.

Existence three dot zero which is a theory based becomes the last period, and one type of technologic existence competent in planning among their equipment plus program. Even though life like this does not exist in the world yet, the birth with acumen without biological inside that shape with technologies of intelligence demonstrated by machines might change this in a short time.



The ones who have selections whereof intelligence demonstrated by machines could be categorized by the way they think about the prominent field’s influence on humanity.

The first ones are digital utopianists. It is thought by them that intelligence demonstrated by machines becomes one inherent plus attractive next period in evolution.

The next group is suspicious about technology. Like that title proposes, they don’t see whereof unnatural existence is going to have an influence soon.

Lastly, here is a helpful action of intelligence demonstrated by machines. Those people aren’t taken by the notion which intelligence demonstrated by machines is going to inevitably give advantages for people. It is supported by them, thereby, that study about intelligence demonstrated by machines should be especially turned to doable global positive consequences.


Chapter 2 – What is not specifically human features is the ability of recollection, calculation, finding out, plus acumen.


What does it mean to be human? Our capability for comprehending plus finding out? A may think that way.

Analysts inside the area of intelligence demonstrated by machines, yet, are mostly against such an idea. They support that the ability of recollection, calculation, finding out, plus acumen doesn’t have anything for making cum the human body and features, not even mentioning C atoms.

Supposing that starts with intelligence. Although there is not a single globally recognized sole description, the writer wants for mind’s comprehending in a way “feature for achieving complicated targets.”

Engines may be more and more capable to do better than us in some tasks like playing chess, yet the mind of an individual gets especially wide. It could enclose abilities such as dialect of training plus tooling around with cars.

Yet, although what is not yet existing is artificial general intelligence (AGI), it’s very well known about the mind does not get only a biological capability. Machines could perform sophisticated tasks as well.

Intelligence – similar to capacities of recollection, calculation plus finding out – is the thing that is recognized like uncommitted of an underlying substance. This is a layer that is not dependent and something about it does not mirror or be contingent on a fundamental material substrate.

That’s why, for instance, mankind’s brains could store information, yet so do disk drives, compact disks, fixed drives, solid-state drives plus memory boards, though they do not consist of identical material.



Yet prior to it is gotten by us whatever that signifies for calculating, we have to learn whatsoever estimating gets about.

Computing includes the modification of knowledge. Thereby, the term “hello” may be changed into an order for ones plus nones.

Yet the order or rule which regulates that modification is not dependent on the system which carries it out. What is that law or order itself is the vital thing.

That means it’s not solely mankind who is able to acquire a knowledge of the exact laws plus models that might be available except that cerebrum of an individual as well. Analysts for intelligence demonstrated by machines have taken big steps in growing for finding out of the engine: engines which are able to boost own by own programs.

Then, providing that recollection, finding out, calculation plus mind are not special for us, then what is the thing that makes us special? While study inside the area of intelligence demonstrated by machines keeps going, that question is solely going to make it harder to be answered.


Chapter 3 – AI is growing rapidly and will influence our life soon.


Machines are nothing new for us. We’ve been in touch with them for manual chores for a long time. When you describe your self-worth by your cognitive abilities, for example, intelligence, language, and creativity, those machines are no danger. Yet, recent developments in AI may start to concern you.

The writer had his own “holy-shit” second in 2014 when he saw an AI playing an old game called Breakout. This is a game in which you hit a ball towards a wall by directing a paddle.

In the beginning, the AI system performed poorly. Yet it learned in a short time and consequently created an intelligent strategy which even the game makers didn’t think of as they played themselves.

It occurred one more time in March 2016, as the AI system AlphaGo outperformed Lee Sedol, the world’s biggest Go player. Go is a game about strategy which requires intuition and inventiveness since there is more than one potential position in the game even more than the atoms in the universe, that’s why sole brute force analysis is not tactical. Yet the AI system continued to winning, appeared to exhibit precisely the inventiveness that was needed.



AI systems are also improving fast in the area of natural languages. Only think about how much the standard of translations performed by Google Translate has flourished in the last couple of years.

It’s obvious which intelligence demonstrated by machines is going to influence every area in existence’s individual soon. Algorithmic trading is going to influence finance; the control and drive of a motor vehicle with self-managed is going to make transportation more protective, smart grids are going to make the best use of power circulation plus physicians made via intelligence demonstrated by machines are going to alter healthcare.

The thing to think about is the outcome intelligence demonstrated by machines is going to own over the business opportunities. In the end, the more AI systems are able to perform better than people inside extra plus furthermore areas, the fewer people will be employable. Let’s have a look at outcomes in the improvement of intelligence demonstrated by machines other than the one mentioned above.


Chapter 4 – Making a human-level AI might lead to a super-intelligent machine triumphing over the world.


By at present, intelligence demonstrated by machines has been used quite scarcely in restricted fields such as either dialect interpretation or plays of tactics.

Indeed, the divine cup of intelligence demonstrated by machines testing in the making of AGI would work in the human capacity of intelligence.

Yet what thing would occur on the condition that holy grail was found?

For beginners, the making of AGI may lead to the thing known by analysts of intelligence demonstrated by machines like one outbreak of mind.

One outbreak of mind occurs one procedure through that one smart engine obtains super-intelligence, one acumen’s level quite more than the human level.

It could obtain that by fast finding out plus self-development characterized by recurrence or repetition since an AGI can potentially create an extra smart engine that could make an even better engine plus such-and-such. That might prompt one outbreak of mind which were going to let machines go beyond human intelligence.

Additionally, super-intelligent machines might triumph the globe plus do us harm, however great our purposes are.



Let me say, for instance, humans make a super-intelligence which is dealing cum the mankind’s prosperity. Wherefrom the viewpoint of superintelligence, this could presumably be similar to one group of kindergarten students quite below your intelligence keeping you in captivity for own-by-own good.

Most probably you could see that as an upsetting and useless case plus get a grip inside your fingers. After, what is it done by you cum inexpert, infuriating human hurdles? Dominate them, or more than that, get rid of them.

Yet we might be going in advance of own by own; now glance at different lower frightening plots that may occur.


Chapter 5 – A lot of AI fallout scenarios are feasible, from soothing to the horrifying.


Although we are fond of either that or none, that competition in the direction of what is under construction is artificial general intelligence.

Yet to what could we prefer the consequences for achieving that for being similar?

For example, might intelligence demonstrate by machines become aware? Must either people or engines get under authority?

It needs to be replied by us to these basic questions since we don’t desire for ending inside one world of intelligence demonstrated by machines that we’re not ready for, mostly one might harm us.

Here are a lot of aftermath scenarios. They vary from tranquil person-intelligence demonstrated by machines being together with intelligence demonstrated by machines domination, ending up in either becoming extinct of human beings or captivity.

The first feasible script is a charitable ruler with total power over a country. One philanthropist super-intelligence could triumph over the world, making human happiness better and better. Poverty, illnesses, plus different fewer technology inconveniences could be sorted out, and humans could become independent for having an existence with grandeur plus appropriate time.

In the exact layer, here’s a scenario including one guardian dominus, in which humans could still be leading destiny of them, yet there could become one bit of intelligence demonstrated by machines keeping us safe plus taking notice of human being, more similar one nursemaid.

The chimera that is an advocate or supporter of a political philosophy that advocates only minimal state intervention in the free market and the private lives of citizens is one different situation. People plus engines were going to calmly coexist. That was going to be accomplished through the obviously characterized regional partition. The world was going to be partitioned into 3 regions. A thing was going to be without organic life, yet loaded with intelligence demonstrated by machines. Alternative one was going to be individual as it were. In there, it was going to be one final blended zone where people might get human and robot hybrid cybernetic organisms via updating their shapes cum engines.



That situation is somewhat fantastical, in any case, since in there it isn’t for ceasing engines of intelligence demonstrated by machines dismissing people’s desires.

At that point, there’s the script of conquerors, that was taken by us a gander at inside the final part. That was going to pulverize mankind of look intelligence demonstrated by machines because we were going to be viewed as a danger, an annoyance, or basically a misuse of assets.

At last, a script of an animal attendant employed in a zoo is found. In there, one couple of people were going to get stayed inside zoological gardens for itself amusement of intelligence demonstrated by machines, just similar to we hold imperiled pandas in zoological gardens.

Since we’ve inspected conceivable AI-related fates, we should take a gander at the 2 biggest obstructions to flow AI research, to be specific objective-oriented, and aware.


Chapter 6 – Nature, humans too, his aims, and researchers are struggling to simulate that feature for AI.


It isn’t found uncertain that we people are objective-oriented. Consider it: in any event, something as little as effectively emptying espresso inside one glass includes fulfilling an objective.

Yet, nature works similarly. In particular, there is an extreme reason: demolition. It is called making the entropy as big as possible, that is a layman’s term implies expanding chaos and turmoil. At this point, once the scientific concept that is as well as a measurable physical property that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty becomes huge, that is “satisfied” is disposition.

We should come back into glass with mocha. Spill one modest milk inside, at that point, hold up a brief time. What is the thing seen by you? Because of nature, you presently have a tepid, light earthy colored, uniform blend. Contrasted with the underlying circumstance, where two fluids of various temperatures were unmistakably isolated, this corpuscle’s new plan becomes demonstrative of less association and expanded the scientific concept, as well as a measurable physical property that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty.

Over one greater scaling factor, what becomes the same is the world system. Molecule courses of action will in the general push toward expanded degrees of entropy, bringing about stars crumbling and the world system’s extension.

This demonstrates how essential objectives are, and right now, AI researchers are wrestling with the issue of which objectives AI ought to get ready for seeking after.

All things considered, the present machines have objectives as well. Or then again more precisely, it might be displayed by them objective arranged conduct. For example, provided that it has one warmth-seeking rocket over your tail, that is showing objective-oriented conduct.

In any case, should smart machines have objectives by any means? What’s more, assuming this is the case, who ought to characterize those objectives? For example, one particular sight was owned by every Marx and Hayek, once that went to the economics plus community’s eventual fate, therefore, according to them there was no a doubt set different objectives for AI.

We could start with something basic, similar to the principle of treating others as one wants to be treated which advises us to regard alternates like it was done by us ourselves.

Be that as it may, regardless of whether mankind could concur on a couple of good standards to control a clever machine’s objectives, executing human-accommodating objectives was going to become chicaner even so.

As a matter of first importance, we’d need to make AI gain proficiency with our objectives. This is more difficult than one might expect in light of the fact that the intelligence demonstrated by machines might undoubtedly misconstrue us. For example, in the event that you advised one vehicle that drives with own selves for making you that air terminal as quickly as could reasonably be expected, you may well show up shrouded in upchuck while being pursued via the cop. In fact, the AI clung to your expressed wish, however, it didn’t generally comprehend your fundamental inspiration.



The following test was going to get for the intelligence demonstrated by machines for receiving our objectives, implying which that was going to consent to seek after them. Simply think about certain legislators you know: despite the fact that their objectives might become obvious, despite everything is neglected by them to persuade huge areas of the populace to embrace similar objectives.

Lastly, the AI might need to keep our objectives, definition which it own selves objectives were no going to switch qua that experiences personal development.

A great number of academic study is presently being committed to simply these thoughts.


Chapter 7 – AI researchers are debating the significance of consciousness and the subjectiveness of AI practice.


The inquiry about what the mind is plus what sort of it is related to existence gets barely novel. Studies of intelligence demonstrated by machines face problems of exact age-old. In more specific words, they think about what sort of inanimate material can become conscious.

It must not be a shock whereof anybody is responding right now. Yet for coming nearer, people must embrace what is included in consciousness.

As a result, there is more than one description with the mind. Yet, the author supports a vast description comprehended qua nominative experimentation, that lets one possible mind of intelligence demonstrated by machines for being incorporated into the mixture.

With that descriptions, analysts could search the idea of ​​consciousness over a few under-inquiries. To demonstrate, either “How is any information processed by the mind?” or “What are the physical features that differentiate aware grids out of non-aware ones?”



Analysts for intelligence demonstrated by machines have too debated how fake either mind or the nominative of intelligence demonstrated by machines of experimentation may “feel.”

It’s shown the nominative of intelligence demonstrated by machines of experimentation might become better than the experimentation of people. Clever engines might be implemented with a greater range of the detector, letting their sensorial experimentations be quite better compared to ours.

Also, since the “cerebrum” of intelligence demonstrated by machines could work on signals relating to the interrelation of electric currents or fields and magnetic fields that travel at the speed of light, AI systems can feel extra by sec, while nervous signals inside the cerebrum of an individual have a trip at a fewer speed.

It may appear similar to too much to swaddle yet a stuff is obvious: The possible effect of the study of intelligence demonstrated by machines is big. It shows the forthcoming, yet it also embraces some of humanity’s earliest philosophical questions.


Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence by Max Tegmark Book Review


The competition in order to unnatural intelligence at the people stage continues at full speed. Whether or not AGI will come is not yet a question of which time. It isn’t known by us that exactly what will occur which time it makes, but a few scripts are feasible: humans could advance their own “equipment” plus join the engines, or one superintelligence might own the authority of the globe. The certain thing is mankind would need to inquire own selves a few big philosophical questions in terms of the features that make us human.



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Savaş Ateş

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