Where Will Man Take Us? by Atul Jalan (Book Summary)


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Humankind remains on the very edge of an extraordinary leap forward driven by our authority of innovation. Following quite a while of publicity, artificial intelligence is giving indications that it may be near arriving at human degrees of insight. Nanotechnology is giving us more noteworthy control of our bodies, and hereditary altering puts us nearly supplanting regular determination with human choice. 

Quantum registering and huge information examination offer the tempting prospect of unraveling a portion of life’s most significant riddles, from the presence of extraterrestrial life to the inward activities of the human cerebrum. 



Where Will Man Take Us? demonstrates how innovation is quickly getting us into another age human life. It investigates a portion of the troublesome cultural, good and monetary inquiries presented by innovation change and it thinks about whether our future as people is probably going to be interminability – or elimination. 


1 – Artificial intelligence is developing through learning, and machines are ending up progressively subjective.


Deep Blue, an IBM supercomputer, beat the incredible chess player Gary Kasparov in a six-game arrangement in 1997. It was a noteworthy advance forward for artificial intelligence. However, it was conceivable because chess is a moderately limited game, given clear runs the show. Show a machine the standards, and you can instruct it to win. 

Artificial intelligence has been great at performing individual undertakings like playing chess up until this point. It can, as Apple’s Siri illustrates, figure out how to comprehend your voice and pursue directions; it can even interpret one language into another. 

In any case, up until now, it hasn’t figured out how to recreate more extensive human insight successfully. Things that fall into place easily for us, similar to instinct or imagination, stay hard for machines. That is beginning to change, in any case, as the game Go demonstrates us. 

Go is a fabulously muddled two-player table game in which you attempt to encompass a more area than your rival. At some random time in a round of chess, there is a normal of 35 potential moves accessible. In Go, there are 250. 

There are 361 squares on a Go framework, contrasted with 64 in chess, and a mind-boggling 10170 potential board arrangements. That is beyond any reasonable amount to truly appreciate, however for point of view, it’s unmistakably more than the number of particles in our universe. 

So when you play Go, you need to depend more on human instinct and feel than coherent, rule-based choices. It simply is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to do every one of the figurings. That is the reason when AlphaGo, man-made reasoning made by Google’s DeepMind explore unit, beat Lee Sedol, a top player of the game, unmistakably we’re on the cusp of real progress. In any case, how did AlphaGo succeed? 



All things considered, DeepMind gave it an accumulation of 30 million moves gathered from human players and after that prepared it to play. The machine was then customized for fortification realizing, which imitates how our cerebrums work. 

That implied that the man-made consciousness gathered focuses when it planned something that demonstrated to be right and lost them when it committed errors. At that point, DeepMind prepared AlphaGo against various variants of itself. Each time it played a game, it would learn by recalling which move presented to it a reward, making a cycle of progress. 


Eyewitnesses of AlphaGo remarked that its moves were innovative, with prepared players notwithstanding portraying some as “divine.” Machines are ending up progressively human, creating instinct and imagination. 

As opposed to being modified, similarly as with the guidelines of chess, they are instructing themselves to learn. Furthermore, this move is getting quicker. 


2 – Nanotechnology is genuinely little yet will be the following enormous thing to transform us.


Cull a solitary hair from your head. It’s not wide, is it? Be that as it may, in nano-terms, it’s enormous. A solitary nanometer is around one ten-thousandth of its width. That is the sort of scale we’re discussing when we talk about nanotechnology. 

Nanotechnology is made at the size of single particles or atoms. Be that as it may, while it is little, its effect on our wellbeing and our lives will be downright transformative. 

That is somewhat because nanoscience enables us to misuse the way that, at the degree of single particles or atoms, materials have various properties. In addition to other things, this implies they can have more noteworthy quality and less weight. 

Along these lines, for instance, carbon nanotubes which are tiny cylinders made up of carbon particles, create inconceivably solid materials. A heap of around a hundred sheets of carbon nanotubes – together still more slender than a millimeter – is sufficiently able to take a bullet, empowering the production of ultra-flimsy and lightweight impenetrable vests. 



In any case, nanotechnology is most fascinating for what it may empower us to do to our bodies. Improvements in registering and sensors on the nanoscale mean we will before long have the option to battle malady and keep ourselves in tip-top condition with the assistance of nanorobots. 

Envision a not so distant future where nanorobots are always watching your circulatory framework. Meandering your blood, they will almost certainly assault infections, microscopic organisms and other sickness conveying bodies. For instance, analysts have built up a nanotechnology conveyance framework for an enemy of malignant growth operator called tumor rot factor-alpha. 

The framework’s nanorobots would drift through the circulatory system, administering the specialist when required and dodging the danger of any pathogens looking to assault them. 


Nanotechnology will likewise enable us to oversee long haul conditions. Patients with diabetes may before long have nanorobots in their circulation systems, always estimating their blood supplement levels and giving them an increase in the correct synthetic substances at the opportune time. 

The divine beings cruised the seas looking for a mixture of everlasting status in Indian mythology; the Greeks discussed a subtle solution of life. All things considered, perhaps we are going to unearth an advanced panacea as nanotechnology that enables us to control our wellbeing. Consolidate that with the intensity of hereditary coding, and we can play God. How about we investigate. 


3 – We presently can play God with our hereditary code.


James Watson and Francis Crick found the structure of the DNA particle at Cambridge University in 1962: A twofold helix structure of phosphates and sugars held together by four diverse natural atoms. Incorporated with this structure is a sort of code, one that illuminates the organic outline of who we will progress toward becoming, from the shade of our skin to our danger of genetic ailment. 

As it were, our DNA is our programming. Also, similarly as we can break down the code in which PCs are modified, we would now be able to peruse, examine and control our DNA. 

Today, numerous organizations offer to test all of the 22,000 qualities that make you what your identity is. Such testing gives an examination of everything, from what rate Neanderthal you are to your hereditary inclination to Alzheimer’s. 

Individuals are beginning to pay attention to this. You may review on-screen character Angelina Jolie’s choice to have a twofold mastectomy in 2013. All things considered, that depended on a hereditary investigation which uncovered an 87 percent likelihood that she would create bosom malignant growth inside 14 years, empowering her to make precaution move. 

Also, the present innovation enables us to make a stride further in our endeavors to avoid illness: altering our qualities. 

Strangely, we owe this capacity to researchers at a Danish dairy organization, Danisco. Searching for approaches to control the infections assaulting the great microorganisms in their cheeses and yogurts, the researchers found something many refer to as grouped routinely interspaced short palindromic rehashes, or CRISPR. 

The DNA conveyed CRISPR to recognize its aggressor and afterward actually cut it out of the hereditary code at the point when the microorganisms’ DNA was assaulted by infections. The infection was then supplanted with sound code. Consider CRISPR a couple of sub-atomic scissors and you can begin to see its potential. 



Use it to remove the pieces of our DNA that encode hereditary illnesses, like cystic fibrosis, for instance, and you can avert those sicknesses. 

The outcomes are significant. Until this point, our advancement has been founded on common choice. Be that as it may, presently, human determination – the capacity to direct our advancement – lies before us. Furthermore, with it come significant moral inquiries with no unmistakable answers. May a deprived parent clone his lost tyke? For what reason don’t we as a whole develop to run like Usain Bolt? 

Innovative advances are making a wide range of zones in which we have no unmistakable perspective on the path forward for society, as we’ll find in the following couple of parts. 


4 – We all ought to reserve the privilege to possess and adapt our total individual information.


Our lives are progressively being recorded by sensors, cameras, and associated gadgets. Divided crosswise over the internet is an advanced symbol of you. What you like to watch on TV, which shows you never wrapped up. What you like to eat, what you purchase, when and where. Your political perspectives and who your companions are. Yet, nobody has the entire picture. 

Also, that is a piece of the issue. Our information isn’t just our own, however, more terrible, it lies in pieces with numerous various associations around the globe. 

The fragmentary idea of your information is useful to any semblance of Facebook. They can profit on the bits of inadequate information they hang on you by offering it to sponsors. However, the way that the information is inadequate can cause issues. For instance, for quite a while after the creator visited Vietnam, promoters kept on assaulting him with advertisements for excursions in that nation. 

Since their data was deficient, they didn’t understand that he wasn’t considering a get-away to Vietnam – he’d just been there and returned. Rather than pertinent, the promotions were simply irritating. 

A superior methodology would include all the more sharing and a solitary, lucid information model for every individual. The creator considers it the Me Model. This would be a valid and complete advanced profile that pulled together all information about you in one spot. The bars you visit. Your wellbeing and exercise information from Fitbit. 



Your emergency clinic records, your Google and Netflix accounts. All put away in a solitary framework that utilizations computerized reasoning to keep up the most ideal, most cutting-edge advanced rendition of you. 

The Me Model offers a few noteworthy favorable circumstances. Right off the bat, it has a place with you, giving you unlimited oversight over what you share and with whom you share it. Furthermore, while today privately owned businesses can utilize your information for their advantage; with the Me Model, you can adapt your information. 


For what reason would a publicist pay Facebook for a divided, inadequate arrangement of information when you could sell them the full set? 

Whatever you feel about the utilization of your private information, actually we presently live in an information-driven economy. Your information is out there. Progressively, it characterizes what your identity is. Wouldn’t you rather assume responsibility for it? 


5 – We are surviving another economic revolution which will challenge existing monetary and social reasoning.


The Industrial Revolution swept the world, starting real increments in riches and profitability about 150 years back. Be that as it may, it additionally fashioned gigantic social changes, as rural specialists made the difficult progress to plant work and city life. 

Today, we are surviving another revolution, and whether you consider it the advanced upset or the Artificial Intelligence Age, it’s probably going to change our lives completely. 

Artificial intelligence and innovation will greatly affect how we work and, potentially, on whether we work by any means. As indicated by Kevin Kelly, establishing manager of Wired magazine, 65 percent of the occupations out there today won’t exist in the following ten to 15 years. Regardless of whether you’re a worker or a legal advisor, a tailor or an interpreter, the present rush of robotization undermines your vocation. 

Presently, history is brimming with individuals stressing over innovation removing occupations, but the vast majority of us are as yet utilized. In nineteenth-century Britain, a gathering of material specialists called the Luddites dissented new assembling strategies for removing their occupations. 

In any case, what those systems truly prompted was needleworkers increasing new aptitudes and occupations and material costs descending. Without a doubt, there was some momentary torment. Be that as it may, innovation made new jobs similarly as it demolished old ones, and it made everybody more extravagant over the long haul. 

In the new time of man-made consciousness controlled development, however, the consequences of development may not be shared similarly. 

Think about the distinction between two tremendously fruitful organizations, Instagram and Kodak. At the point when Kodak was at its pinnacle, it gave a vocation to 145,000 individuals and their families. Conversely, when Facebook obtained Instagram for $12 billion of every 2012, Instagram had only 12 representatives altogether. 

Also, Instagram isn’t exceptional; after two years, Facebook paid $19 billion for Whatsapp, which had 400 million clients however just 55 representatives. 



Along these lines, it’s conceivable that the exercises of the past will never again apply later on. Our current financial upheaval could prompt unquestionably more Instagrams and far fewer Kodaks. Therefore, we may see a developing inlet between a modest however super-rich world-class and an inexorably jobless working class. 

We have to think about new thoughts to manage these issues. Like widespread essential salary, for instance, which the state would use to give all natives enough cash on which to live. On the off chance that our administrations can react to these difficulties keenly, at that point we may all profit; if they fail to understand the situation, we face a troublesome street ahead. 


6 – Humankind needs to grow clear rules and morals for computerized reasoning, yet doing as such won’t be simple.


A self-sufficiently determined Uber vehicle hit and slaughtered a lady in March 2018, making her the principal person on foot to be executed by a self-driving vehicle. This promptly brought up a troublesome issue: Who is to be faulted for this situation? The proprietor, for owning the vehicle and utilizing it for its expected reason? The producer of the vehicle? The organization that manufactured the product that controls it? 

The subject of how we direct and control them ends up more prominent as “brilliant” machines become increasingly more a piece of our every day lives. 

A portion of these is handy inquiries. For example, how would we keep robots from being hacked and abused? IOActive, a firm of security advisors, has shown how genuine this hazard is by hacking into and assuming responsibility for Alpha 2, a humanoid robot intended to be a family unit partner. They taught it to get a screwdriver and more than once wound a tomato. 

Also, shouldn’t something be said about ethics – would it be a good idea for us to encode them into robots? Assuming this is the case, whose ethics? Sci-fi offers a decent beginning spot for thinking about this inquiry. The acclaimed sci-fi essayist Isaac Asimov proposed, as quite a while in the past as 1942, three laws for robots. Initial, a robot must not harm a human or enable one to come to hurt. 



Second, a robot must comply with its requests, aside from where they would strife with the main law. Third, a robot ought to secure itself, as long as that assurance does not conflict with both of the initial two laws. 

These three laws are a decent begin, yet they give no unmistakable direction to a portion of the prickly circumstances a machine may confront. Consider again a self-driving vehicle that sees a person on foot venture out suddenly into the road. It needs to make what is an ethical decision. 

It can swerve hazardously to ensure the person on foot yet chance its proprietor’s life. Or then again it can organize its proprietor’s wellbeing to the detriment of the pedestrian’s. Does a self-driving vehicle have a reliable obligation to ensure its proprietor? Also, assuming this is the case, do taxicabs and open travel vehicles act diversely to exclusive autos? What’s more, should a vehicle’s counts change if the walker is a youngster or an old individual? 


It will require some investment for us to deal with inquiries like these. Meanwhile, here’s some exhortation. Be decent to machines. Over the long haul, it may pay to remain in their great books. 

We’ve investigated a portion of the issues that our innovative insurgency is hurling. Presently, how about we consider a portion of the energy that anticipates us. 


7 – Innovation may enable us to unravel the riddle of whether we are distant from everyone else known to man.


There is around seven sextillions, or 1021, stars in the entire universe, each with their planets, much the same as our sun. Do we truly accept that insightful life has advanced no place else yet here? 

All things considered, life exists somewhere else known to mankind. In any case, if that is the situation, for what reason haven’t we experienced it? 

One hypothesis is the Zoo speculation, figured in 1973 by cosmologist John A. Ball. As per Ball, at least one outsider social orders exist – it’s simply that they’re watching us from a remote place, as we watch creatures in a zoo. 

Extraterrestrials are clever enough to perceive an autonomous normal development and touchy enough not to exasperate it in this hypothesis. On the off chance that that appears to be impossible, think about that we attempt to permit innate people groups, for example, the Jarawas, in the Indian Andaman Islands, to live undisturbed by contact with present-day social orders. 

Another hypothesis is that we essentially wouldn’t perceive contact if it was made. As indicated by the popular informant Edward Snowden, every single insightful society come to encode their interchanges. It might be, he contends, that outsider messages are out there, yet we are unequipped for disclosing to them separated from the foundation commotion of vast radiation. 

The uplifting news, in any case, is that our advances in science and innovation may imply that we’re drawing nearer to unraveling this secret. 

The Breakthrough Listen venture at the University of California, Berkeley is devoted to tuning in for extraterrestrial correspondence. In 2015, the man-made consciousness the venture uses to break down infinite commotion got on a progression of rehashed radio blasts originating from a universe three billion light a long time from Earth. 



It was thought from the outset that these blasts came about because of a calamitous occasion like the passing of a star. In any case, the blasts showed up again in both 2016 and 2017. That implies that whatever caused them had lived on. Researchers accept that the source could be an extraterrestrial knowledge that existed three billion years before – when we were simply single-celled living beings. 

That gigantic inlet of time between us focuses on the way that, regardless of whether we at any point saw extraterrestrial life, we probably won’t remember it. Life on various planets may never again look like life as we get it. These creatures may have blended their science with innovation, bringing about existence frames that exist just as data. 

That, all things considered, maybe the following stage in our very own development. Also, it could happen sooner than you might suspect. 


8 – The peculiarity is coming: and it might leave us godlike – or terminated.


The futurist Ray Kurzweil takes a greater number of nutrients and minerals than your normal 70-year-old, flying around 200 pills every day. Why is that? Since he thinks that, people will end up immortal by the center of this century. Also, normally, he’s resolved to in any case be alive at the time. 

Kurzweil isn’t some old wrench yet a perceived master in man-made reasoning, the future, and the peculiarity. That is the point later on when computerized reasoning ends up counterfeit genius, when machines are adapting so quick they far surpass human capacities and create monotonous personal growth at a touchy, exponential pace. This time might arrive soon – Kurzweil predicts the peculiarity will come in 2045. 

We can’t know without a doubt what way machines or humankind will take after the peculiarity. One rather depressing probability is our elimination. How could that occur? It could be a basic misstep. Consider a medicinal man-made consciousness intended to destroy diseases that choose that the most ideal approach to do as such is to dispense with the host: people. 

Be that as it may, it’s not all depressing. As incredible physicist Stephen Hawking has stated, the peculiarity could be the most exceedingly awful thing to happen to mankind, however, it could likewise be the best. 

That is because it offers the enticing plausibility of immortality. Transhumanists accept that the peculiarity will propel our comprehension of the human cerebrum so far that we will probably accomplish advanced everlasting status as our bodies become transitory vessels for our digitalized personalities, which will be put away in the cloud. 

At present, we don’t see enough about how the physical cells of the cerebrum become our cognizant personality for this to be feasible. In any case, Hawking accepts that the mind is basically a PC, and that, consequently, it will be conceivable one day to duplicate it and give eternal life. 



Furthermore, Ray Kurzweil has noticed that later on, we will most likely send a huge number of nanobot scanners through every slender of our mind to filter its every neural component. Consider the huge, fast propels in nanotechnology, in man-made consciousness, and information investigation that the peculiarity would bring, and living as an undying advanced cognizance doesn’t appear to be so far-fetched all things considered. 

Today, we are indistinguishable creatures from our soonest progenitors who meandered the fields of Africa. After the peculiarity, everything will change. We will look at Homo sapiens and its knowledge as we today glance back at Neanderthals. In front of us lies an incredible crack in human presence and the likelihood of another, ingenious species. So for the time being, continue taking those nutrients.


Where Will Man Take Us?: The bold story of the man technology is creating by Atul Jalan Book Review


Our dominance of innovation is quickening at an exponential pace. Accordingly, we face major cultural, good and monetary inquiries while attempting to stay aware of the effect of innovative change. What’s more, soon, we should confront the way that what lies next for mankind is another species. 

Moving past Homo sapiens, we will blend human and computerized reasoning to make a cognizant, super-intelligent and perhaps unfading human.


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Savaş Ateş

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